Sharp-tailed Grouse (Pedioecetes phasianellus)

When flushed, sharp-tailed grouse usually fly long distances. In flight their white wings, breast and tail are conspicuous. They are about 45 cm (18 in.) long, and are distinguished from hen pheasants by their narrow, pointed tail feathers with white edges.

Sharp-tailed grouse are scattered throughout Alberta in areas of suitable habitat. They favor brush and aspen groves in the parkland zone and edges of forest clearings near grain fields. Favorable winter habitat consists of wooded areas where tree buds are available, and grassy areas that supply seeds.

Each spring, cocks move to traditional "dancing grounds" to perform their breeding ritual. They cock their tails erect, and shake them while they dance about in circles with their wings outstretched. Their large purple neck sacs are inflated, and they utter low, cooing and popping sounds.

Hens are attracted to the dancing grounds where breeding occurs. They lay about 12 olive-brown eggs in nests hidden in tall grass. Incubation lasts about 24 days. After hatching, the brood moves to open grassy areas to feed, and to stands of trees to roost on hot days. In 8 to 10 weeks the broods disperse. Cocks again move to dancing grounds in the fall, where young birds "display" and compete. In November, sharp-tailed grouse flock together to spend the winter in large groups.

Specific season information is provided in the current Alberta Guide to Hunting Regulations, available on-line and in hard copy.