Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus)

The black tail of the willow ptarmigan distinguishes it from the white-tailed ptarmigan. In summer, willow ptarmigan have more white on their wings than white-tailed ptarmigan. At this time the cocks are easily distinguished from the hens by their reddish-brown heads, backs and breasts. In winter both sexes are entirely white, except for their black tails, eyes and bills. Willow ptarmigan are about 40 cm (16 in.) long. Legs and toes are completely feathered.

The only breeding population of willow ptarmigan found in Alberta occurs in the mountains of northern Jasper National Park and Willmore Wilderness Park. Here, birds spend the summer in the alpine zone or just below timberline. In winter they move to lower valleys. Another population of willow ptarmigan visits Alberta only in the winter. These birds breed on the Arctic tundra and migrate south to spend the winter in northernmost Alberta. At this time, they feed on buds and twigs of willows, birch and alders.

Upon arrival on the breeding ground, a cock establishes a territory from which he excludes all other males. He displays plumage and makes a variety of boom and hoot sounds. His mate stays within the territory and incubates 7 to 10 yellow-brown eggs in a nest hidden under a bush. Eggs hatch in about 22 days and the young remain with the hen, feeding on insects and plants. Adults eat leaves, berries and seeds, but only few insects. As fall approaches, willow ptarmigan flock together in preparation for migration to wintering areas.

Specific season information is provided in the current Alberta Guide to Hunting Regulations, available on-line and in hard copy.