Elk or Wapiti (Cervus elaphus)

(last update 98 May)

The large sweeping antlers on the dark brown head of a bull elk distinguish it from all ther deer. The name "elk" originated with early European settlers in the United States, who confused it with the European elk, which is a close relative of our moose. Elk are often called "wapiti," the Shawnee word for "white rump." This description refers to the prominent, cream-colored rump patch. Elk are generally tan in color, with dark brown over the head, neck and legs. Bulls can weigh close to 450 kg (1000 lbs.) and cows up to 70 kg (600 lbs.).

Each antler has a single beam, with up to six tines projecting from it. These antlers are used during the rut when bulls challenge each other for possession of cows. The elk is the only member of the deer family in Alberta that collects a harem. The rut lasts from late August through September, occasionally to mid October. Spotted caIves are born the following spring.

Elk prefer areas of woodland mixed with open grassland. Such habitat is found at forest edges and in mountain meadows. Elk usually graze on forbs and grasses, although they will browse on aspen bark and twigs in winter when food is scarce. These animals are found mainly in the foothills and mountains, and in Elk Island National Park and Cypress Hills Provincial Park. They migrate from high summer ranges to winter ranges in lower mountain valleys and foothills.

The Fish and Wildlife Division estimates the provincial population (in Sept.) to be about 26,000 animals. This estimate is based on population counts in selected areas and hunter harvest information.